About Saint Vitus Cathedral
The cathedral, known as Saint Vitus, is called in Czech metropolitní kétedádra svatého Víta, Václava a Vojtěcha, which means Metropolitan Cathedral of Saints Vitus, Wenceslaus and Adalbert. It is a Roman Catholic archiepiscopal cathedral being the largest and most important church in the Czech Republic. Until 1997, the cathedral was dedicated only to Saint Vitus, hence its short name Saint Vitus Cathedral. St. Vitus Cathedral is also an important royal and imperial necropolis, where Emperor Charles IV and Duke of Bohemia Wenceslaus I (Vaclav) are buried.
The construction is made in the Gothic architectural style and began in 1344 at the initiative of Emperor Charles IV, on the site of a Romanesque basilica, whose walls were partially integrated into the new building. The architects were Peter Parler, Matei from Arras, Josef Mocker, Kamil Helbert, Josef Kranner, Johann Parler, Wenzel Parler. The dimensions of the current cathedral are: surface 124 x 60 square meters, main tower 96.5 meters high, front towers 82 meters high, vault 33.2 meters high. The founder is Wenceslaus I. The church was opened in 1929 and is dedicated to Saint Vitus. In the cathedral is the Chapel of Saint Wenceslaus, where the saint’s relics are kept. The room was built by Peter Parler between 1344 and 1364 and has a ribbed vault. The lower part of the walls is decorated with over 1300 semi-precious stones and paintings of the Passion of Christ, which come from the original decoration of the chapel from 1372-1373. The upper part of the walls contains paintings inspired by the life of Saint Wenceslaus. In the middle there is a Gothic statue of Saint Wenceslaus.
The chapel is not open to the public, but its interior can be seen through the open door. A small door with seven locks in the south-west corner of the chapel leads to the Crown Chamber where the Czech Crown Jewels are kept, which are presented to the public only once every eight years. Among the highly prized possessions are the crown of Saint Wenceslaus and the coronation cross. Next to the southern portal of the cathedral is the Statue of Saint George made in 1373 by the sculptors Martin and Gheorghe from Cluj on the order of Emperor Carol IV.